Proving Customary Norms
Ontology and Evidence in International Law
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Resumen
Este artículo aborda los desafíos epistemológicos y conceptuales que implica probar la existencia de normas consuetudinarias en el derecho internacional. Sostiene que la confusión en torno al usus y la opinio juris surge de la falta de distinción entre la ontología de las normas consuetudinarias y la determinación de su existencia. A partir de la epistemología jurídica y la teoría social, el artículo conceptualiza las normas consuetudinarias como productos de estructuras socialmente constituidas, fundamentadas en expectativas compartidas. Desde esta perspectiva, no es necesario probar que los Estados consideren su conducta como jurídicamente obligatoria, sino que las expectativas normativas de segundo orden se manifiestan a través de patrones de práctica. Metodológicamente, el artículo defiende un modelo inferencial dual: el razonamiento inductivo para establecer la práctica (usus), complementado por el razonamiento abductivo para inferir la existencia de expectativas normativas compartidas (opinio juris). Propone la reconstrucción narrativa como método probatorio apropiado y realiza observaciones sobre el estándar de prueba requerido para el derecho internacional consuetudinario.
Palabras clave
Legal epistemology, social normsDescargas
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https://doi.org/10.33115/udg_bib/qf.i11.23272Publicado
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